Governance Failure Dalam Pengelolaan Dana Bos: Perspektif Coso dan Fraud Triangle

Authors

  • Mutiara Ananda Tongku Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Saidun Hutasuhut
  • Chandra Situmeang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54951/sintama.v6i3.1425

Keywords:

Internal Audit, Internal Control, Fraud Triangle, COSO Framework

Abstract

In this study, the identification of relevant factors in aimed at increase the risk of BOS fund fraud and evaluate weaknesses in educational financial governance. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing a literature review method combined with content analysis of cases regarding the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds. The analysis was conducted using COSO and fraud triangle components. The results indicate that weak internal control, low transparency, suboptimal internal audit, and centralization of authority in financial management are dominant factors that increase the risk of BOS fund fraud. Furthermore, weaknesses in the control environment, control activities, and monitoring activities result in ineffective early detection of irregularities. This study contributes through an integrative analysis based on COSO and the fraud triangle to understanding governance failure in BOS fund management. The implications of the research emphasize the importance of risk-based audits, effective internal controls, and the use of whistleblowing systems and data analytics

References

Agoes, Sukrisno. (2019). Auditing: Petunjuk Praktis Pemeriksaan Akuntan oleh Akuntan Publik. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Ambon Terkini News. (2026). Korupsi dana bos, kepsek SMPN 9 Ambon dituntut 9 tahun penjara. https://ambonterkini.id/news_read/korupsi-dana-bos-kepsek-smpn-9-ambon-dituntut-9-ta-4731

Amin, A., Darwanis, D., & Yusmita, F. (2023). Factors affecting fraudulent management of school operational assistance (bos) funds at public high schools. JRAK, 15(2), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v15i2.6631

Amin, N. W., Indriani, E., & Mariadi, Y. (2022). Akuntabilitas dan transparansi pengelolaan dana bantuan operasional sekolah (BOS) pada sekolah dasar di kecamatan mataram tahun 2021. Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Akuntansi, 2(1), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.17509/jtkp.v4i2.61437

Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., Beasley, M. S., & Hogan, C. E. (2017). Auditing and assurance services: An integrated approach (16th ed.). England: Pearson.

Asmapane, S., Deviyanti, D. R., Norsita, M., & Wulandari, D. (2024). The effect of internal control system implementation and compensation suitability on fraud prevention with inspectorate examination as an intervening variable. Journal of World Science, 3(7), 849–859. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v3i7.682

Asrini. (2026). Audit modern & fraud detection: Perspektif perilaku dan teknologi. Gorontalo: Cahaya Arsh Publisher.

Carolina, Y., & Haneda, J. (2022). COSO ERM and the role of internal auditors in fraud prevention. Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset), 14(2), 233–248. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v14i2.48834

Damayanti, A. F., & Primastiwi, A. (2021). Pengaruh pengendalian internal, good corporate governance, dan sistem pengukuran kinerja terhadap pencegahan fraud. Invoice: Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi, 3(2), 231–245. https://doi.org/10.26618/inv.v3i2.6029

Detik Jabar. (2024). Disdik Jabar soal kepsek SMAN 10 Bandung tersangka korupsi: Sudah pensiun. https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-7407883/disdik-jabar-soal-kepsek-sman-10-bandung-tersangka-korupsi-sudah-pensiun

Detik Sumut. (2023). Korupsi dana BOS Rp 900 juta, eks kepsek SMK 2 Kisaran dituntut 7 tahun bui. https://www.detik.com/sumut/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-6665228/korupsi-dana-bos-rp-900-juta-eks-kepsek-smk-2-kisaran-dituntut-7-tahun-bui

Ditia, D. P. T., Pebriora, I. D., Delin, N. P., & Widyawati, S. (2026). Pelanggaran Yang Terjadi Pada Penyalahgunaan Dana Boss Sekolah. Menulis: Jurnal Penelitian Nusantara, 2(1), 64-68.

Efendi, H. I., Sayekti, Y., & Irmadariyani, R. (2024). Organizational culture, internal auditors, and fraud prevention with internal control and good corporate governance as intervening. WIGA: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 114–123.

Ginting, N. A., Koeswayo, P. S., & Sukmadilaga, C. (2025). Fraud detection in the government sector (An empirical study on the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia). E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 35(4). https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2025.v35.i04.p15

Hakim, L. N., & Suryatimur, K. P. (2022). Efektivitas peran audit internal dalam pencegahan fraud. JIAKES: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan, 10(3), 523–532.

Haurissa, N. F., & Dewi, C. N. (2021). Fraud di pemerintahan: Analisis meta studi di Indonesia. Perspektif Akuntansi, 4(3), 297–319. https://doi.org/10.24246/persi.v4i3.p297-319

Herawaty, N., Haryadi, H., Arum, E. D. P., & Rahayu, S. (2021). Internal auditors’ quality as a mediation variable in fraud prevention in the government of Jambi Province. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 9(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i3.11378

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360.

Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. (2025). Temuan SPI pendidikan 2024: 12% dana BOS tak sesuai peruntukan. https://kpk.go.id/id/ruang-informasi/berita/temuan-spi-pendidikan-2024-12-dana-bos-tak-sesuai-peruntukan

Liputan Malteng. (2025). Jaksa tetapkan kepala SD Negeri 23 Malteng 'S.A.T' sebagai tersangka korupsi dana BOS. https://malteng.liputan.co.id/article_read/jaksa-tetapkan-kepala-sd-negeri-23-malteng-s-a-t-s1762865755

Louwers, T. J., Blay, A. D., Sinason, D. H., Strawser, J. R., & Thibodeau, J. C. (2018). Auditing & assurances services. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Lubis, H. Z., Sari, M., & Ramadhany, A. A. (2024). Effect of internal audit, internal control, and audit quality on fraud prevention: Evidence from the public sector in Indonesia. Problems And Perspectives in Management, 22(2), 201–214. 10.21511/ppm.22(2).2024.04

Melinda, D., Nurhayati, E., & Purnama, D. (2023). Pengaruh budaya organisasi, pengendalian internal, proactive fraud audit dan whistleblowing system terhadap pencegahan fraud dalam pengelolaan dana BOS. Jurnal Riset Keuangan dan Akuntansi (JRKA), 9(1), 196–206.

Metro TV News. (2025). Tilap dana BOS Rp1,3 miliar, Kejari Gowa tahan kepsek SMPN 1 Pallangga. https://www.metrotvnews.com/read/NP6C3xea-tilap-dana-bos-rp1-3-miliar-kejari-gowa-tahan-kepsek-smpn-1-pallangga

Moroney, R., Campbell, F., & Hamilton, J. (2017). Auditing: A practical approach. Australia: John Wiley & Sons Australia.

Munifah. (2023). Pengendalian internal sistem informasi. Semarang: Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik.

Nadirsyah, Indriani, M., & Mulyany, R. (2024). Enhancing fraud prevention and internal control: The key role of internal audit in public sector governance. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2382389

Rahayu, S., Yudi, Y., Sofyan, S., & Rahayu, R. (2025). Enhancing good governance and fraud prevention for school performance. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 1–17.

Rohman, A., Mukhibad, H., & Nurkhin, A. (2023). Religiosity and misuse of school aid funds: The development of the fraud theory. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(3), 1452–1461.

Setiawan, R. A., & myas Sari, F. (2025). Pengaruh Kompetensi SDM, Sistem Pengendalian Internal Pemerintah, dan Whistleblowing system Terhadap Pencegahan Fraud Dalam Pengelolaan Dana BOSP. Journal of Management and Economics Innovation, 1(1), 1-18.

Sofyani, H., Hasan, H. A., & Saleh, Z. (2022). Internal control implementation in higher education institutions: Determinants, obstacles and contributions toward governance practices and fraud mitigation. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(4), 1203–1220.

Sudarmanto, et al. (2021). Good Corporate Governance. Medan: Yayasan Kita Menulis.

Taihuttu, A. L., & Yanti, Y. (2025). The mystery of misuse of school operational assistance funds: An in-depth analysis using the fraud hexagon. International Journal of Economics and Management Research, 3(1), 88–102.

The Institute of Internal Auditors. (2026). Definition of internal auditing. https://www.theiia.org/en/standards/what-are-the-standards/definition-of-internal-audit/

Widati, S., Setyawan, W., & Riyanah, S. (2023). School operational assistance fund (BOS) accounting information system as an internal control tool. Accounting Information Systems and Information Technology Business Enterprise, 8(2), 151–165. 10.34010/aisthebest.v8i2.11611.

Wismawati, W., Anggraini, Y., & Agustintia, D. (2024). Efektivitas manajerial kepala sekolah dan peran audit internal dalam mencegah fraud pelaporan keuangan dana BOS melalui ARKAS. Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, Bisnis Digital, Ekonomi Kreatif, Entrepreneur (JEBDEKER), 5(1), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.56456/jebdeker.v5i1.803

Yuningsi, Y., Kamase, H. P., Usman, R., & Masdar, R. (2026). The Effect of Internal Auditor Independence and Internal Control Systems on Fraud Prevention, with Institutional Environment as a Moderating Variable: A Study of Internal Auditors at the Buol Regency Inspectorate. Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v7i1.1324

Downloads

Published

2026-09-25

How to Cite

Tongku, M. A., Hutasuhut, S., & Situmeang, C. (2026). Governance Failure Dalam Pengelolaan Dana Bos: Perspektif Coso dan Fraud Triangle . Jurnal Sistem Informasi, Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 6(3), 370-382. https://doi.org/10.54951/sintama.v6i3.1425