COMSEP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat

Penguatan Literasi Keuangan Syariah Masyarakat Desa Sendang melalui Pendekatan Digital

2026-01-07T09:42:50+00:00

Sharia financial literacy has become important with the development of digital financial services and the increasing need for financial management in accordance with sharia principles. However, the understanding of rural communities regarding digital-based sharia finance is still limited. This community service activity aims to improve Islamic financial literacy in Sendang Village through a digital approach. The methods used include face-to-face and online education, assistance in using Islamic financial applications, and interactive discussions on the opportunities and risks of digital finance. The results of the activity showed that community participation reached 75% with an increase in understanding of Islamic finance products and principles of 60%. However, challenges such as the digital divide and the risk of online fraud were still found. Overall, this activity shows that digitalization is effective in increasing Islamic financial literacy when supported by continuous education and the active role of the government and Islamic financial institutions in creating a safe and inclusive ecosystem

Pendampingan Pemasaran Online bagi KUB Surya Gading Saiyo Melalui Platform Marketplace

2025-12-06T11:09:23+00:00

This Community Service activity aims to improve the capacity of KUB Surya Gading Saiyo's human resources in managing product marketing through the marketplace platform independently, so that they are able to switch from conventional marketing to digital marketing, expand their market reach, and support the sustainability of the group's business. The community service activity was conducted by providing direct/face-to-face training on the importance of understanding marketing on marketplace platforms. The results of the activity showed an increase in the partners' understanding and ability to recognize the functions of the marketplace, create and manage digital marketing accounts, and understand basic online product marketing strategies. This improvement is an indicator that applied assistance is able to address the main problems faced by partners.

Efektivitas Buku Motivasi dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Anak Komunitas Adat Terpencil di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir

2026-05-04T14:06:59+00:00

Community service is an effort to disseminate knowledge to provide tangible impacts on improving the quality of life in society. This activity aims to analyze the effectiveness of motivational books in enhancing the learning motivation of children in remote indigenous communities in Concong District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. The method used was a literacy-based approach through the delivery of motivational materials and reading of motivational books using a pre-test and post-test design. The activity involved 30 children as participants. The results showed a significant increase in learning motivation, indicated by the rise in the average score from 58.7 to 78.3, or an increase of 33.4%. In addition, behavioral changes were observed, including increased reading interest, self-confidence, and enthusiasm for learning. This activity had a positive short-term impact on improving learning motivation and has the potential to create long-term impacts in building educational awareness and a culture of literacy within remote indigenous communities.

Literasi Strategy Pemasaran Digital melalui Analisis SWOT pada UKM Batik

2026-05-08T07:53:06+00:00

This Community Service (PKM) program aims to improve the capabilities of batik SMEs in designing and implementing digital marketing strategies based on SWOT analysis. The main problems faced by Batik SMEs include limitations in the use of digital technology and a lack of ability to develop targeted marketing strategies through the identification of internal and external business factors. The implementation of this program consists of several stages, namely preparation, digital marketing counseling, SWOT analysis simulation, and development and implementation of digital marketing strategies. This activity was attended by 35 SMEs in the batik sector. The findings from this activity indicate that batik entrepreneurs have experienced an increased understanding of digital marketing concepts and SWOT analysis. From the analysis results, the main strength lies in the uniqueness of batik and its cultural values, while the weakness is the lack of digital literacy among Batik SMEs. The digital marketing strategies obtained include the use of social media and marketplace platforms. Overall, this PKM program has had a positive impact in improving the ability to design more efficient marketing strategies in line with the development of business digitalization. Implementation of the formulated strategies can strengthen competitiveness for the sustainability of batik SME businesses.

Penguatan Pemasaran Digitalisasi UMKM Melalui Integrasi Google Maps Dan Marketplace

2026-04-25T03:01:46+00:00

This community service initiative to help UMKM owners leverage digital platforms in their marketing strategies. Most UMKM owner have not optimal used of digital platforms such as google maps and marketplace. These platforms play a crucial role in boosting business visibility expanding market reach and making it easier for customers to find business location. This community service initiative aims to enhance UMKM owners’ capabilities in digital marketing through the integration of Google Maps and marketplaces. The implementation methods include outreach, training, mentoring, and evaluation. The results showed that following the intervention, 85% of SME participants successfully registered their business locations on Google Maps and listed their products on marketplaces. This increased visibility and expanded consumer reach, making it easier for customers to find physical locations and products, and opening up new market opportunities. Thus, this initiative makes a significant contribution to enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs within the digital ecosystem.

Program Desa Sehat: Aksi Gizi Bersatu dalam Mewujudkan Generasi Bebas Stunting

2026-04-24T05:04:52+00:00

Stunting remains a major public health issue affecting human resource quality, requiring community-based prevention efforts. This community service aimed to improve community knowledge, attitudes, and practices in preventing stunting through the Healthy Village Program based on multidisciplinary collaboration. The method used a participatory approach, including nutrition education, training on processing local-based nutritious food, clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS) education, and cadre assistance. The results showed an increase in knowledge based on pre-test and post-test scores, improved community attitudes toward nutrition, and enhanced skills in fulfilling family nutritional needs. In addition, community participation and utilization of local food resources also increased. This program demonstrates that a participatory and collaborative approach is effective in supporting stunting prevention. Therefore, this program is important to be sustainably developed at the village level.

Edukasi Membentuk Perilaku Bijak dalam Mengelola Keuangan di Era Digital

2026-05-04T13:16:29+00:00

Indonesia’s gap between its national financial inclusion index (85.10%) and financial literacy index (49.68%) leaves individuals, particularly youth, vulnerable to consumptive debt, illegal online lending, and investment fraud. This community service program educated 60 children and adolescents aged 10–18 at PKBM Rumah Pintar Punggur Cerdas, Pontianak, on wise digital financial management, covering strategies to avoid illegal loans, identify investment fraud, and construct digital budgets. Using an interactive workshop with financial risk simulations, age-differentiated instruction, and pre-test/post-test instruments, participants’ average digital financial literacy improved significantly from 40% to 89%. The greatest gains were in understanding the importance of financial management (45.00% to 93.33%) and digital financial literacy education exposure (33.33% to 90.00%). These results confirm that experiential learning effectively transforms impulsive financial behavior into deliberate, rational decision-making among youth.

Pelatihan Praktik SmartPLS Bagi Mahasiswa dan Dosen untuk Riset Berkualitas

2026-04-25T03:04:39+00:00

This community service activity was conducted for lecturers and students to improve the quality of participants’ research. The activity took the form of a practical workshop on SmartPLS training. The use of SmartPLS in data analysis is able to address complex data problems in a more efficient manner, even when the dataset is relatively small. As a result, participants are expected to produce articles that can be published in reputable journals. The activity was held online on November 18, 2025. The participants in this activity consisted of lecturers and students. The results of the activity indicate that, overall, there was an improvement in participants’ understanding and data processing skills through the use of SmartPLS. It is expected that mastery of SmartPLS will enable participants to produce high-quality academic papers and research.

Penguatan Digital presencce UMKM melalui Manajemen Konten Kreatif dan Iklan Berbasis Media Sosial

2026-04-24T12:47:35+00:00

MSMEs often face obstacles in building a digital presence due to the lack of promotional media and the lack of creative content that can be used for marketing. This service activity aims to strengthen UD Sari Dewi's digital presence at the Abian Tegal Market through creative content management and the creation of social media-based advertising materials. Methods of activities include observation and identification of needs, content planning, banner design, banner printing and installation, video branding production, and uploading Google Maps reviews. All activities were carried out from January to February 2026 and were evaluated using a results-based method with eight achievement indicators. The results showed measurable improvements in all aspects of the partner's digital presence: business names were read from a distance of 10–15 meters, branding videos achieved more than 500 views with 5–10 engagements, Google Maps ratings increased from 4.0 to 4.6, and customer visits grew by 15–20%. These findings confirm that the integration of visual identity, audiovisual content, and location-based platform optimization is an effective and sustainable strategy for MSMEs operating in a market environment with limited physical visits.

Digitalisasi Marketing Produk Pembuatan Abon Di Desa Meunasah Mon Kecamatan Mesjid Raya, Aceh Besar

2026-05-16T10:46:06+00:00

This community service activity aims to increase the capacity of abon (shredded meat) MSMEs in Meunasah Mon Village, Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar, in utilizing digital marketing as a medium for product promotion and sales. The main problems faced by partners are conventional marketing methods, limited understanding of digital media usage, and suboptimal product branding. The activity was carried out through participatory training and mentoring, which included an introduction to digital marketing, the use of social media and marketplaces, promotional content creation, product descriptions, and strengthening brand identity. The results of the activity showed an increase in partners' understanding and skills in using digital platforms to expand market reach. In addition, partners began to be able to manage promotional accounts independently and display products more attractively. This activity is expected to support business sustainability and increase the competitiveness of local abon products.

Pendampingan dan Pemberdayaan Psikologis dalam Penguatan Kapasitas Rekrutmen Karyawan pada Perusahaan Ritel

2026-05-18T03:10:54+00:00

This community service activity aimed to improve the capacity of a retail company partner in recruiting and selecting employees through psychological mentoring and empowerment. The main problems faced by the partner were an increase in employee turnover from 20% to 35% and the need for large-scale recruitment during certain periods. The activity was carried out through needs analysis, mentoring in the selection process, psychoeducation on social support, self-efficacy, organizational support, and labor regulation counseling. Evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test assessments. The results showed an increase in participants’ knowledge, with the average pre-test score rising from 52.03 to 78.91 in the post-test. In addition, the activity helped the partner obtain 35 candidates according to the available positions. Overall, this program strengthened participants’ understanding, supported the psychological readiness of prospective employees, and helped the partner develop a more structured hiring process.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Melalui Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Nenas Dalam Pembuatan Nata De Pina

2025-12-07T02:44:42+00:00

This community service activity aimed to enhance the knowledge and skills of local MSMEs in Kualu Nenas Village on utilizing pineapple peel waste to produce nata de pina. The training involved 12 participants and combined lectures, hands-on practice, and evaluation. Observations and post-training questionnaires indicated high engagement, with 100% of participants acknowledging the usefulness of the activity. Knowledge assessment using the N-Gain score revealed a significant increase, with an average gain of 0.93 (93.06%), categorized as high. Participants learned to transform pineapple peel, previously discarded as waste, into a high-fiber, low-calorie, and marketable product. The training demonstrated practical methods for extraction, fermentation with Acetobacter xylinum, and product handling. This initiative not only improved participants’ technical competence but also promoted sustainable waste utilization, enabling the community to convert pineapple by-products into economically valuable and health-beneficial products.

Upaya Penghindaran Praktik Judi Online melalui Peningkatan Literasi Investasi pada Siswa SMAN 2 Madiun

2026-05-04T14:13:15+00:00

This community service activity aims to raise awareness among students of SMAN 2 Madiun about avoiding online gambling practices by strengthening investment literacy. The prevalence of online gambling and the involvement of teenagers in it is a worrying social problem, especially in the current digital era, which provides easy access to online gambling. This activity not only impacts the economic aspect but also socially and psychologically and can disrupt productivity and lead to moral degradation among the younger generation. This situation demands systematic educational efforts to equip students with a proper understanding of financial management and safe and legal investments. The method of implementing the activity through socialization was designed in a participatory manner. The material provided included an introduction to basic investment concepts, the differences between investment and gambling, and the financial and social risks of online gambling practices. Evaluation of the activity was conducted through pre- and post-tests to measure improvements in students' understanding and perceptions. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in students' investment literacy, marked by an improved ability to distinguish between legal investments and online gambling practices. The active participation of SMAN 2 Madiun students during the activity also reflects the high demand for financial education in the school environment.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Sekolah Muhammadiyah di Pekanbaru Dalam Membangun Citra Digital Melalui Pemanfaatan Generative AI

2026-04-08T08:18:56+00:00

This community service program aimed to improve the capacity of Muhammadiyah schools in Pekanbaru to build a digital branding through the use of Generative AI. A participatory collaborative approach was applied through initial assessment, training, school implementation, mentoring, and evaluation. Participants included teachers and staff from 20 schools. The results show that all schools developed content and simple branding strategies, social media activity became more consistent, and content quality improved in visuals and narratives aligned with Islamic values. Participants’ understanding of digital branding increased from an average pre-test score of 55 to a post-test score of 75, indicating an improvement of approximately 35%. Generative AI facilitated faster content production and publication planning. The program’s strengths lie in technology integration and participatory methods, while limitations include differences in digital literacy and device availability. The program can be expanded through advanced training and wider regional implementation.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir melalui Peningkatan Higienitas Produksi Ikan Asap Tradisional di Bandarharjo, Kota Semarang

2026-04-08T08:32:55+00:00

Traditional smoked fish production is one of the main economic activities of the coastal community in Bandarharjo, Semarang City. However, traditional processing practices may pose hygiene and food safety issues. This program aimed to empower coastal communities by improving hygiene and sanitation practices in traditional smoked fish production. The empowerment method employed a participatory approach, including counseling, training on hygiene and sanitation practices, demonstration of hygienic processing methods, and direct assistance to smoked fish producers. The results showed an improvement in community knowledge and awareness regarding the importance of raw material hygiene, equipment sanitation, production environment cleanliness, and personal hygiene of workers. Improved hygiene practices contributed to better product quality and increased consumer trust. This program supports food safety, strengthens community capacity, and enhances the sustainability of traditional smoked fish businesses.

Peningkatan Pemahaman Petani Salak Desa Tamarenja Dalam Penggunaan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi

2026-05-16T08:39:22+00:00

Tamarenja Village has economic potential through salak farming; however, farmers’ financial management has not been supported by systematic transaction recording. This condition makes it difficult for farmers to identify production costs, profits, business position, and financial information needed to access financing. This community service activity aimed to improve salak farmers’ understanding of financial recording and the use of the Si Apik application. The activity applied an educational-participatory approach through basic accounting presentations, interactive discussions, simulation of farm transaction recording, and pre-test and post-test evaluation involving 16 participants. The results showed an increase in the average score from 60.00 in the pre-test to 80.31 in the post-test, with the paired sample t-test indicating a significant difference. This training is important as a foundation for strengthening digital accounting literacy, supporting business decision-making, and improving farmers’ readiness to access financing.

Edukasi Pemilahan Sampah Organik Dan Anorganik Bagi Pengunjung Wisata Situ Gintung Tangerang Selatan

2026-05-18T12:52:29+00:00

Waste management remains an environmental challenge in the Situ Gintung tourism area, South Tangerang City, particularly due to the low awareness of visitors in separating organic and inorganic waste. This community service activity aimed to identify visitors’ understanding of waste types, conduct waste segregation education, and increase visitors’ awareness in maintaining environmental cleanliness. The methods used included field observation, direct socialization, delivery of educational media in the form of posters, banners, and leaflets, as well as evaluation through pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results showed an improvement in visitors’ understanding of the differences between organic and inorganic waste, along with increased awareness of the importance of waste segregation. Most visitors also expressed willingness to begin practicing waste separation in their daily activities. This activity demonstrates that direct environmental education is effective in supporting cleaner and more sustainable environmental management in tourism areas.

Potensi Daun Kelor Sebagai Teh Herbal Sehat Dan Ekonomis Di Desa Rawang Kao Barat

2026-05-11T08:34:42+00:00

Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) merupakan tanaman tropis yang memiliki kandungan gizi dan senyawa bioaktif tinggi, sehingga dikenal sebagai salah satu tanaman herbal dengan berbagai manfaat kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti potensi pemanfaatan daun kelor sebagai bahan dasar teh herbal sehat sekaligus produk ekonomis di Desa Rawang Kao Barat. Metode kajian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan mengamati ketersediaan sumber daya lokal, manfaat kesehatan, serta peluang ekonomi yang dapat dikembangkan masyarakat desa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa teh daun kelor mengandung antioksidan alami, vitamin, dan mineral yang bermanfaat dalam menjaga daya tahan tubuh, menstabilkan kadar gula darah, serta mencegah penyakit degeneratif. Dari sisi ekonomi, pengolahan daun kelor menjadi teh herbal memiliki prospek menjanjikan karena teknik produksinya sederhana, biaya rendah, dan bahan baku tersedia melimpah. Selain itu, pengembangan produk teh kelor berpotensi memberdayakan masyarakat melalui usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM), serta membuka peluang pemasaran ke pasar lokal maupun digital. Dengan branding yang tepat, teh daun kelor dapat menjadi produk unggulan desa yang berdaya saing tinggi. Kesimpulannya, daun kelor memiliki nilai ganda sebagai sumber pangan fungsional dan sebagai komoditas ekonomi berkelanjutan di Desa Rawang Kao Barat.

Pelatihan Penyusunan Harga Pokok Produksi Bagi Pelaku UMKM di Kabupaten Kampar

2026-05-08T07:54:18+00:00

This community service program aims to provide training on determining the cost of production preparation for SMEs. The main problem faced by SMEs is the inability to accurately calculate cost of goods sold, resulting in uncompetitive selling prices. The implementation method included an initial survey to identify SMEs, followed by training that included lectures and hands-on practice of calculating production costs. The training was held on August 30, 2024, and evaluation results showed an increase in participants' understanding of the components of production costs that must be taken into account. Participants are now able to differentiate between direct and indirect costs and apply the full costing method in calculating cost of goods sold. This training has had a significant impact on SMEs' ability to set competitive selling prices.

Pengolahan Sampah Rumah Tangga Melalui Pembentukan Bank Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Sidomulyo Timur Pekanbaru

2026-05-20T04:20:55+00:00

Household waste management remains a significant environmental challenge in rapidly growing urban areas, including Pekanbaru City. Limited public awareness and the absence of community-based waste management systems contribute to increasing waste accumulation. This community service program aimed to enhance community capacity in household waste management through education, training, and the establishment of a waste bank. The activities included socialization on waste segregation, training on compost production from organic waste, and assistance in establishing the “Bahagia Waste Bank”. Evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test methods to measure changes in participants’ knowledge and motivation. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of waste management, increasing from 71.67% before the program to 100% after the activities. In addition, community interest in compost-based entrepreneurship increased by 41.67%. The findings demonstrate that participatory approaches combining environmental education and practical training are effective in promoting sustainable community-based waste management.

Peningkatan Literasi Pencatatan Akuntansi UMKM: Kelompok Usaha Bersama Mina Sejahtera di Desa Hangtuah

2026-04-24T12:51:04+00:00

This community service activity aims to improve accounting record literacy among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) members of the Mina Sejahtera Joint Business Group (KUB) in Hangtuah Village, Kampar Regency. The main problem faced by the partners is the limited understanding and implementation of systematic financial record keeping, which makes it difficult for MSME actors to monitor business performance and financial conditions. The implementation method used an educational and participatory approach through several stages, including preparation, training implementation, and evaluation. The training activities involved 14 participants and focused on introducing simple bookkeeping, cash inflow and outflow records, and basic profit–loss calculations. The results of the activity indicate an increase in participants’ understanding of the importance of recording financial transactions and managing business finances more systematically. This activity also increased participants’ awareness of separating personal and business finances. Therefore, continuous mentoring is recommended to ensure the sustainability of accounting record practices among MSME actors.

Pemberdayaan UMKM melalui Pemetaan Digital dan Legalitas Usaha di Desa Gedangan

2026-05-04T13:30:13+00:00

This community service activity aimed to enhance the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Gedangan Village, Gresik Regency, through the utilization of digital technology and the strengthening of business legality. The method applied was a participatory assistance approach consisting of several stages, including identification, socialization, training on digital business location mapping, business legality assistance, and activity evaluation. A total of 32 MSMEs participated in the program. The results of the activity showed that all 32 MSMEs (100% of participants) were able to add their business locations to Google Maps, thereby improving business accessibility and online visibility. In terms of business legality, 25 MSMEs (78% of participants) successfully obtained a Business Identification Number (Nomor Induk Berusaha/NIB) through the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. The outcomes of this community service program provided tangible benefits in improving digital literacy and increasing MSME owners’ awareness of the importance of business legality in supporting sustainable business development.

Penguatan Literasi Keuangan Syariah untuk Ketahanan Finansial Guru SD Muhammadiyah 3 Pontianak

2026-05-10T07:10:23+00:00

The low level of Islamic financial literacy among teachers may increase vulnerability to illegal online lending practices. This community service program aimed to strengthen teachers’ understanding of Islamic financial principles as an effort to build financial resilience. The program involved 9 teachers of Muhammadiyah 3 Elementary School through participatory education, case-based discussions, and pre-test and post-test evaluations. The evaluation instruments covered concepts of akad (contracts), riba (usury), online lending risks, and income improvement strategies. The pre-test results revealed that only 3 participants had a good understanding of the basic concepts of akad and riba. Following the intervention, all participants demonstrated improved post-test results, achieving a 98% success rate measured through the accuracy of responses across all assessment indicators. The uniqueness of this program lies in the integration of Islamic financial literacy, financial resilience, and the prevention of online lending risks. These findings indicate that contextual and needs-based educational approaches are effective in strengthening teachers’ financial understanding and awareness.

Digitalisasi Pemasaran untuk Mewujudkan UMKM Unggul di Era Industri 4.0 pada Komunitas PMKM Prima Indonesia

2026-05-14T23:33:38+00:00

Pemberdayaan Remaja Gen Z melalui Pelatihan Make Up dan Literasi Finansial di Pekanbaru

2026-05-11T08:49:31+00:00

Generation Z has strong potential for creative entrepreneurship but still faces challenges in financial literacy and management. This community service program aimed to improve adolescents’ financial intelligence through make-up skills training as a creative business opportunity in Binawidya Village, Pekanbaru City, Riau. The program involved 15 young women aged 17–21 and was implemented through needs identification, basic financial literacy counseling, and practical make-up training. The results showed improved understanding of personal financial management, business capital planning, and simple social media-based marketing strategies. Participants were also able to practice make-up skills as a potential independent business. This program contributed to increasing self-confidence, entrepreneurial skills, and financial awareness, while encouraging adolescents to develop productive activities with economic value.

Pendampingan Penyusunan LKPD Guru MGMP Matematika Tingkat SMP Kabupaten Maros

2026-05-04T13:34:02+00:00

Mathematics learning quality in junior high schools is influenced by the availability of instructional materials that support meaningful knowledge construction. However, many Student Worksheets (LKPD) used by teachers are still procedure-oriented and lack real-life contexts as the starting point of learning. Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) offers a contextual approach emphasizing student activity and progressive mathematization. This community service program aimed to improve the competence of the Junior High School Mathematics Teacher Working Group (MGMP) in Maros Regency in developing PMRI-based LKPD. The program included needs analysis, conceptual training, mentoring in LKPD development, and evaluation through participant response questionnaires. Results showed that teachers gained a better understanding of PMRI principles and were able to design LKPD incorporating realistic contexts, representation models, and reflective activities. Participant responses were very positive, with an average score of 3.53 (88%) in the very good category. These findings indicate that collaborative mentoring through MGMP effectively strengthens teachers’ pedagogical competence in developing contextual mathematics learning materials

Edukasi dan Praktik Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik Rumah Tangga pada Kelompok Dasawisma Anggrek, Samarinda

2026-05-12T03:21:47+00:00

Household plastic waste remains a significant environmental problem in Samarinda City due to the high consumption of plastic products and the low level of waste segregation practices at the source. This community service program aimed to improve knowledge and behavior related to plastic waste management through a community-based environmental education initiative involving the Anggrek Dasawisma Group. The program employed a participatory approach consisting of educational sessions, group discussions, plastic waste recycling practices, and pre-test and post-test evaluations involving 10 housewives. Evaluation was conducted on cognitive and behavioral variables using percentage analysis. The results showed an increase in participants’ average knowledge score from 66% to 94%, as well as an improvement in waste management practices from 56% to 98%. The educational program also enhanced participants’ skills in transforming plastic waste into useful and economically valuable products. These findings indicate that community-based education is effective in promoting behavioral change toward more sustainable household waste management practices.